Armstrong,
R. W. (1996). The relationship between culture and perception of
ethical problems in international marketing. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(11),
1199-1208. UAI is related to perceptions of ethics.
Arrindell,
W. A., Hatzichristou, C., Wensink, J., Rosenberg, E., Van Twillert, B.,
Stedema, J., & Meijer, D. (1997). Dimensions of national culture as predictors of
cross-national differences in subjective well-being. Personality and Individual
Differences, 23(1), 37-53. Lower levels of UAI are associated with higher levels of
subjective well-being.
Barkema,
H. G., & Vermeulen, F. (1997). What differences in the cultural
backgrounds of partners are detrimental for international joint ventures. Journal of
International Business Studies, 28(4), 845-864. Concludes that differences in UAI
and LTO are especially problematic for international joint ventures.
Clugston,
M., Howell, J. P., & Dorfman, P. W. (2000). Does cultural socialization
predict multiple bases and foci of commitment? Journal of Management, 26(1), 5-
30. Found a relationship between UAI and commitment.
Earley,
P. C., & Stubblebine, P. (1989). Intercultural assessment of
performance feedback. Group and Organization Studies, 14(2), 161-181. Found a
relationship between UAI and the impact of performance feedback.
Kogut,
B., & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on entry mode.
Journal of International Business Studies, 19, 411-432. Found a relationship
between UAI and strategies that foreign companies used to enter US markets.
Lynn,
M., Zinkhan, G. M., & Harris, J. (1993). Consumer tipping: A cross-
national study. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 478-488. Found that people in
high UAI cultures tip more.
Nicholson,
J. D., Graf, L. A., Hemmasi, M., & Widdison, K. (1993). Attitudes
towards socioeconomic issues as a function of cultural values: A cross-national
study of Venezuela, Chile, and the United States. International Journal of
Management, 10(4), 470-480. Found a correlation between UAI and attitudes
toward socioeconomic issues.
Offermann,
L. R., & Hellmann, P. S. (1997). Culture's consequences for
leadership behavior: National values in action. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 28(3), 342-351. Found a relationship between UAI and leader control.
Shane,
S. A. (1993). Cultural influences on national rates of innovation. Journal
of Business Venturing, 8(1), 59-73. Concludes that high UAI is associated with
low rates of innovation.
Shane,
S. A. (1995). Uncertainty avoidance and the preference for innovation
championing roles. Journal of International Business Studies, 26(1), 47-68. Finds
that UAI is associated with methods of championing innovation.
Ting-Toomey,
S. (1991). Intimacy expressions in three cultures: France,
Japan, and the United States. International Journal of Intercultural Relations,
15(1), 29-46. Found a relationship between UAI and expression of conflict in
relationships.
Vasquez,
G. M., & Taylor, M. (1994, November 19-22). A cultural approach to
public relations research: An extension of Hofstede's variables to Grunig's Models
of Public Relations. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech
Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. Found a relationship between UAI
and approaches to public relations.
Wright,
A. D. (1996). Cross-cultural exploration of attitudes toward leader-
subordinate friendship. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Memphis,
Memphis, TN. Found that low UAI correlates with a positive attitude toward
leader-subordinate friendships.
Contributed to Intercultural
Insights Listserve by:
William A. Weech (weechwa@state.gov)
Leadership and Management School
Foreign Service Institute
U.S. Department of State
